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The Liberator (anti-slavery newspaper)
''The Liberator'' (1831-1865) was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Isaac Knapp in 1831. Garrison co-published weekly issues of ''The Liberator'' from Boston continuously for 35 years, from January 1, 1831, to the final issue of December 29, 1865. Although its circulation was only about 3,000, and three-quarters of subscribers were African Americans in 1834,〔Ripley, C. Peter (1991). ''The Black Abolitionist Papers: Vol. III: The United States, 1830-1846'', p. 9. UNC Press. ISBN 0-8078-1926-3.〕 the newspaper earned nationwide notoriety for its uncompromising advocacy of "immediate and complete emancipation of all slaves" in the United States. Garrison set the tone for the paper in his famous open letter ("To the Public" ) in the first issue:
''The Liberator'' faced harsh resistance from several state legislatures and local groups: for example, North Carolina indicted Garrison for felonious acts, and the Vigilance Association of Columbia, South Carolina, offered a reward of $1,500 ($25,957.20 in 2005 dollars) to those who identified distributors of the paper.〔Clark, Carmen E., "Garrison, William Lloyd", in Vaughn, Stephen L. (ed.) (2007). ''Encyclopedia of American Journalism'', p. 195. CRC Press. ISBN 0-415-96950-6.〕
''The Liberator'' continued for three decades from its founding through the end of the American Civil War. Garrison ended the newspaper's run with a valedictory column at the end of 1865, when the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery throughout the United States. It was succeeded by ''The Nation''.〔 ''The Anti-Slavery Reporter,'' August 1, 1865, p 187〕
==Woman’s rights advocacy==
The ''Liberator'' also became an avowed woman’s rights newspaper when the prospectus for its 1838 issue declared that as the paper’s object was “to redeem woman as well as man from a servile to an equal condition,” it would support “the rights of woman to their utmost extent.”〔''Liberator,'' Dec. 15, 1837.〕 In January and February 1838, the ''Liberator'' published Sarah Grimké’s “Letters on the Province of Woman” in the paper, and later in the year published them in pamphlet form as ()''Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman''. During the following decades, the ''Liberator'' promoted women’s rights by publishing editorials, petitions, convention calls and proceedings, speeches, legislative action, and other material advocating woman suffrage, equal property rights, and women’s educational and professional equality. The ''Liberator’''s printers: Isaac Knapp, James Brown Yerrinton (1800-1866) and James Manning Winchell Yerrinton (1825-1893), and Robert Folger Wallcut (1797-1884), printed many of the woman’s rights tracts used in the 1850s.
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